Do you want to know where to see puffins in Scotland? Puffins spend most of their lives at sea, coming ashore to breed in April. Scotland’s cooler climate and rugged islands make ideal nesting grounds for these endearing birds. About 10% of the worldwide puffin population is found in the UK, with Scotland accounting for 80% of the UK total.
In this article, we will tell you the best places to see puffins in Scotland.
I’m in the office today, it’s grey wet and cold outside so thought I’d cheer you all up with some Isle of May Puffins. pic.twitter.com/BmI8OYqn7t
— David Steel (@SteelySeabirder) December 12, 2023
All about puffins
Measuring just 25 cm in length, the puffin is a pint-sized seabird. With their distinctive orange beak and legs and awkward gait on land, they are often referred to as the “clown of the sea”. In the air and water, however, puffins are adept fliers and skilled swimmers – flying low over the waves and diving for fish up to 60 metres from the surface of the water. Their small wings act as fins underwater, allowing them to move with agility. They are speedy in the air and can reach speeds of up to 88 km per hour by flapping their wings up to 400 times a minute.
Breeding Habits
Puffins are monogamous and bond for life, the average lifespan being around 18 years. For 8 months of the year they live at sea, only returning to the land to mate, breed and rear their young. They typically return to the same nesting site year after year and form large breeding colonies. They don’t build nests but rather make burrows, which can be up to 3 ft deep, in soft soil or use natural crevices in the rocks for nesting. This is why they are so vulnerable to predators, making some of Scotland’s remote islands without mammalian predators ideal breeding grounds.
During the breeding season, puffins’ bills and legs change colour – the bright orange and yellow hues signalling health and attractiveness to potential mates. Puffins lay a single egg, and both parents take turns incubating and caring for the chick. Adorably, baby puffins are called pufflings!
Feeding Habits
Puffins feed on sand eels, krill, crabs and small fish and are able to carry numerous small fish in their beak, secured by their spiny tongues and beaks. This allows them to catch and carry multiple fish at once. Puffin chicks are hungry and can require up to 13 feedings a day in the first six weeks of life.
Where to See Puffins in Scotland?
Scotland, with its rugged coastline and remote islands, is home to significant puffin populations. These cute birds can be found nesting on Scotland’s sea cliffs, rocky shores, and offshore islands, so a puffin watching trip is a must for wildlife enthusiasts visiting Scotland who want to witness their playful antics.
Isle of May, Firth of Forth
As the third largest puffin colony in the UK, head to the Isle of May for a guaranteed up close puffin experience. Thousands of puffins nest on the island, and you can see them either from a boat trip that goes close to the cliffs or by landing on the island itself. However, if going onshore to explore the island make sure you stick to the paths so as not to disturb or damage their nests. Want to know more about visiting the Isle of May? Read our full article about Isle of May Boat Trips.
Go there with:
Anstruther Pleasure Cruises: Isle of May Ferry Departs from Anstruther
Isle of May Boat Trips Depart from Anstruther
Scottish Seabird Centre Depart from North Berwick
Sula Boat Trips Depart from North Berwick
BlueWildNature Boat Tours Depart Dunbar Harbour
Staffa Island, Inner Hebrides
The tiny Staffa Island (it’s only ½ a mile long and ¼ mile wide) is a puffin paradise. The puffins normally arrive here in early April and stay through May, June and July. Puffins usually leave Staffa at the end of July, but you may still catch a few in the early days of August.
The best place to spot puffins is on top of the cliffs on the east side of the island. They are quite curious, and if you sit still, they will come and investigate you from a safe distance. The clean seas around Staffa are home to many other marine species, including seals and sea otters on the coast, and porpoises and dolphins on the open sea. In June, July and August, when the sea temperature rises. Notable for the hexagonal basalt columns of Fingal’s Cave, the island is worth a visit in its own right for those interested in geology.
Getting There
You can catch a ferry to Staffa from the Island of Iona or take a boat trip with:
Lunga, Treshnish Isles
The largest of the Treshnish Isles, just off the south west coast of Mull. Uninhabited Lunga hosts a thriving puffin population of around 4,500 between mid-April and early August. To make sure you can see them in numbers, wait until May to visit.
Lunga is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and there are no facilities on the protected habitat at all – not even a toilet. Most of the boats running trips have facilities.
The puffins here have little fear of humans, as they see our presence as protection from predatory sea eagles, providing an opportunity for close encounters and fantastic photography. However, please stay at least 10 metres away from them so as not to disturb them.
There are 47 species of birds on Lunga Island. Walk on from the breeding site to Harp Rock and you will encounter numerous other birds, such as guillemots, petrels, razorbills, kittiwake, fulmar and great skua.
Getting There
There is no public ferry so you will need to take a tour if you want to see puffins on Lunga Island. Go with:
Isle of Canna, near Skye
You won’t find Puffins on Skye but they can be found on the offshore islands around the Skye. Because of this, you may be able to catch a glimpse of puffins from Skye, but if you really want to see them, it’s best to take a boat trip. There is a sizable puffin colony on the remote, volcanic island of Canna, home to a small human population and 20,000 seabirds. You can also see puffins on Sanday, adjacent to Canna (not to be confused with Sanday in the Orkney Islands).
Canna is also part of the Hebridean Whale Trail and you can occasionally catch a glimpse of an Orca en route. Canna is owned by the National Trust and you can camp at Canna Island Campsite on the island if you want to stay overnight.
Canna is owned by the National Trust and you can camp at Canna Island Campsite on the island if you want to stay overnight. There is a signposted Puffin Trail from the campsite to help people find the puffin stacks. They advise visitors to park their vehicles in Mallaig and take the Calmac ferry to Canna. Campsite owner, Isebail, will meet you at the ferry and collect your luggage and take it to their accommodation while you enjoy the island.
Getting there
You can reach Canna by the ferry to the Small Isles, run by Calmac which departs from Mallaig. Or take a tour with:
Handa Island, Sutherland
Another Site of Special Scientific Interest, Handa Island’s cliffs are teeming with seabird life, and puffins are among the stars of the show. It is run as a nature reserve by the Scottish Wildlife Trust. There are around 150 species of bird on the island, over 216 species of plants and in excess of 100 types of moss.
The island closes to visitors in the winter months, opening in March. You can reach the island by ferry from Tarbet. Once on the island, you will be met by a ranger who will explain about the island and precautions to take to preserve the habitat. Visitors can follow well-marked trails to observe not only puffins but abundant birdlife, seals, otters and other wildlife.
Getting There
Handa Ferry serves the island Monday to Saturday between 9 and 5 (last outbound trip is 130pm), exact times dependent on weather conditions and costs 20 for adults, 10 for children. Children under 5 go free.
Northern Coast of Scotland
There are a number of spots to see puffins along the rugged northern coast of Scotland’s mainland.
Strathy Point on the northern coast of Sutherland is under one of the main seabird migration routes. It’s a 15 minute walk to the headland from the last bit of road (the turning to Strathy Point off the A836). You will also find Strathy Lighthouse here. Looking out to sea, you may also spot dolphins or porpoises in the waters below the cliffs.
Puffin Cove & Western Clett (nicknamed Puffin Island), Drumhollistan, is just east of the little hamlet of Redstar. This is a very remote viewing spot not recommended for people with walking difficulties. Park in the tiny car park on the border between Caithness and Sutherland and follow the footpath across the grassland for around half a mile and then down the hill to the secluded Puffin Cove. There is a breeding colony in the cliffs around the bay and surrounding clifftop grassland. The path to Puffin Cove can be boggy so make sure you are wearing suitable footwear.
Dunnet Head, the most northerly point of mainland Scotland is an RSPB nature reserve in Caithness. Walk the grassland path to the peninsula and you will be rewarded with panoramic views across the sea and the wild landscape inland, as well as being able to watch the puffins and other seabirds nesting in the cliffs below. There are no facilities at Dunnet Head, so come prepared.
Go with:
Seawolf Tours offers ecologist-guided walks to see the puffins and to view the pufflings as they take flight after dark (the latter July only). The Far North Naturalist offer guided walks of the northern coast with an ecologist.
The Shetland Isles
Sumburgh Head
The cliffs of Sumburgh Head host breeding colonies of puffins along with other seabirds. The location offers breathtaking views of the surrounding seas, providing a picturesque backdrop for puffin watching. It’s also been a location for the TV programme Shetland.
Noss
The towering 180 metre cliffs of Noss nature reserve make a dramatic backdrop against which to watch its thriving seabird colony, including puffins. The island reserve is managed by Nature Scot. To reach the island, there is a short but exciting ferry service in a small inflatable boat run by Nature Scot. The island closes in the winter months.
Go with:
Local, family-run company Seabirds and Seals operate daily catamaran tours to Noss between April and November, departing from Victoria Pier, Lerwick.
Shetland Seabird Tours run daily small group (maximum 12) birdwatching and photography tours of Noss Island from their wildlife watching boat out of Lerwick.
Shetland Nature run wildlife and photography tours which include not only puffin watching but viewing the native Shetland ponies.
Shetland Photo Tours run specialist seabird photography workshops in various locations in the Shetlands.
Travel Advice when you go to see puffins in Scotland
Best Time to Visit
You can see puffins in Scotland from early April to August. The best time to see puffins in Scotland is during the breeding season, typically from late spring to early summer (May to July). During this period, puffins are more active and visible on cliffs and islands.
What to Bring
Essential items include binoculars, a camera, sturdy footwear for coastal walks, and weather-appropriate clothing. Scotland’s weather can be unpredictable, so packing waterproofs is advisable.
Top Tips for Puffin Watching
Respect wildlife and follow any guidelines provided by tour operators or local authorities.
Maintain a safe distance from nesting birds to avoid alarming them and disturbing their natural behaviours.
Make sure you take all your litter home.
Be prepared to sit and wait for a while to get the best views of wildlife.
Don’t climb on old walls or move stones, as they could have archaeological value
Keep children well away from cliff edges
Don’t bring dogs (unless assistance dogs) or any pets onto the islands.
Book boat trips in advance, especially during peak seasons.
The weather can turn quickly in the North and on islands, so bring warm clothes and waterproofs even if it is fine when setting out.
Make sure you are wearing appropriate footwear.
Bring snacks and water, as many places to view are very remote.
Puffin Preservation
Puffin populations have declined in recent years, with colonies facing threats from rising sea temperatures due to climate change, overfishing and predators (including humans). Conservation efforts are underway to protect their habitats and ensure the continued thriving of these charming seabirds. Worryingly, in February 2023, hundreds of dead puffins washed up on the shores of Spain and the Canary Islands. Many of the birds, thought to have died of starvation, were traced back to Scottish puffin colonies.
What can I do to help preserve Scotland’s Puffin Population?
Maintain proper biosecurity when visiting the islands. This means checking your bag and clothes for pests, cleaning and disinfecting your boots and shoes and keeping food containers shut so they don’t attract vermin onto the boats. Puffins are extremely vulnerable to land based predators due to the way that they nest in burrows and the introduction of rats onto the islands could devastate them.
Maintain a reasonable distance from the birds (at least 10 metres) so as not to alarm them. Leave your dog at home when visiting breeding colonies.
Keep on the paths so you don’t damage or destroy their nests.
Join a conservation group or take part in a campaign.
Join the Scottish Wildlife Trust
Big Sky Campers Campervans for Hire
Scotland
Big Sky Campers is based in Rosyth, just outside Edinburgh. If hiring a van from us, it is just a 1 hour drive to Anstruther and 1 hour 20 to North Berwick where Isle of May boat trips depart. All our campervans for hire come fully equipped with everything you will need for your road trip in Scotland. There are no hidden extras – everything is included in the price, including unlimited mileage, insurance for one driver, gas bottle, camping accessories, bedding, towels and extra sets of bedding if requested.
Got a question? Give us a call.
+44 (0)7768 973804